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We have seen the usage of most of the EntityManagerFactory methods in listing 9.2. Perhaps the most interesting aspect of listing 9.2 is the entityManager. joinTransaction() call in the updateItem method. Let s discuss this method in a little more detail. As we hinted in the beginning of this section, unlike container-managed EntityManagers, application-managed EntityManagers do not automatically participate in an enclosing transaction. Instead, they must be asked to join an enclosing JTA transaction by calling the joinTransaction method. This method is specifically geared to using application-managed EntityManagers inside a container, where JTA transactions are usually available. Application-managed EntityManagers outside the Java EE container In Java SE environments, however, JTA is not a possibility. Resource-local transactions must be used in place of JTA for such environments. The EntityTransaction interface is designed with exactly this scenario in mind. We ll explore this interface by reimplementing the code to update an item from listing 9.2 for an SE application. Listing 9.3 also serves the dual purpose of being a good template for using application-managed EntityManagers without any help from the container.

Although this process will work if you re building only one site, it can become lengthy and cumbersome if you find yourself frequently building new sites and/or adding contrib modules My recommendation is to use an SSH client (the command prompt) to download Drupal to your host The command prompt allows you to quickly load files from Drupal s servers to your server by typing a few lines of code Instead of downloading the file from Drupalorg to your desktop and then to your server, you simply download it from Drupal to your host, skipping the middle step Some of you may be scratching your head and asking, What s wrong with the first method It sounds easier It is easy, and there s absolutely nothing wrong with it However, there are others who are thinking, I love saving time by using the command prompt.

EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("actionBazaar");

property to MouseLeave in the Trigger bucket of the Properties panel (see Figure 11-31).

EntityManager entityManager = entityManagerFactory.createEntityManager(); try { EntityTransaction entityTransaction = entityManager.getTransaction(); entityTransaction.begin(); entityManager.persist(item); entityTransaction.commit(); } finally { entityManager.close(); entityManagerFactory.close(); }

The first thing that should strike you about listing 93 is the amount of boilerplate code involved to accomplish exactly the same thing as the updateItem method in listing 91 (cutting and pasting both code snippets into a visual editor and comparing the code side-by-side might be helpful in seeing the full picture at a glance) The javaxpersistencePersistence object s createEntityManagerFactory method used in listing 93 b is essentially a programmatic substitute for the @PersistenceUnit annotation The single parameter of the createEntityManagerFactory method is the name of the EntityManagerFactory defined in the persistencexml deployment descriptor Since the container is no longer helping us out, it is now important to be sure to close the EntityManagerFactory returned by the createEntityManagerFactory method when we are done, in addition to closing the EntityManager H Just as in listing 9.

Properties panel (see Figure 11-31).

Personally, I prefer the command prompt when downloading contrib modules because I can download and untar a module in a matter of seconds Here is the process to load Drupal onto your server via SSH: 1 2 Use an SSH client such as PuTTY Secure Shell Client to access your server Navigate to the home directory where you want to install Drupal From the command prompt, type cd ~ (if cPanel) or cd /home/username, where username is the name of the folder in which the public web folder is located Load Drupal onto your host by typing the following, changing X to the most current Drupal version: wget http://ftpdrupalorg/files/projects/drupal-7Xtargz Drupal is now saved at /home/username/drupal-7Xtargz Next, you need to untar Drupal to your public_html directory using the following: tar -zxvf drupal-7x-devtargz -C public_html --strip=1.

2, the EntityManagerFactory s createEntityManager method is used to create the application-managed EntityManager C However, before merging the Item entity to the database F, we now create an EntityTransaction by calling the getTransaction method of the EntityManager D The EntityTransaction is essentially a high-level abstraction over a resourcelocal JDBC transaction, as opposed to the distributed JTA transaction we joined in listing 92 At first it is natural to think that a joinTransaction call is still necessary to make the EntityManager aware of the enclosing transaction Remember that since the EntityManager itself is creating the transaction instead of the container, it implicitly keeps track of EntityTransactions, so the join is not necessary The rest of the transaction code the begin E and the commit G do exactly what you d expect As might be obvious, the EntityTransaction interface also has a rollback method to abort the transaction.